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One of the 13 peripheries (administrative regions) of modern Greece . The Ambracian Gulf offered a naturally protected harbor for domestic fleets and a secure trading port. Pyrrhus was using the elephants as no one had before used. After these events, the tensions between Demetrius and Pyrrhus reached the highest level. “King Pyrrhus of Epirus was, in many ways, one of history’s great rulers; he was virtuous, valorous, strong, tactically competent, and the author of works on military strategy which, while lost to time, were proof enough for the ancient scholars to consider him a formidable military intellect. Pyrrhus himself tried to break into the wagons until a Cretan javelin killed his horse and threw the king into the slippery ground. These spies “pretended to be Macedonians, and said that now was a favorable time to rid themselves of Demetrius and his severity, by going over to Pyrrhus, a man who was gracious to the common folk and found of his soldiers…Some of the Macedonian, therefore, ran to him (Pyrrhus) and asked him for his watchword, and others put garlands of oaken boughs around their heads because the saw the soldiers about him garlanded” (Pyrrhus, XI) After a significant part of his army defected to Pyrrhus, the situation became dangerous for Demetrius. The Romans, unfazed by the potential of a larger foreign involvement, held the same hostile position against Pyrrhus. Most sources, ancient and modern, support the view that Pyrrhus offered himself as hostage. North epirus is in south albania and south epirus used to be in albania before 1913 when in london's conference was decided that south epirus goes to greece. Before crossing into his domain, he left his own garrison in Tarentum under the command of his son Helenus and Milo. On average, these dogs are 65-75 cm … Pyrrhus (/ ˈ p ɪr ə s /; Greek: Πύρρος, Pyrrhos; 319/318–272 BC) was a Greek king and statesman of the Hellenistic period. Pyrrhus’ army included 25,000 infantry, 2,000 cavalry, and 24 elephants. He was one of the strongest opponents of early Rome. ALI PASHA TEPELENA LUANI I JANINES THE LION … Other cities under Sostratus’ dominion also pledged their allegiance to Pyrrhus. It became clear that the conspiracy had been ordered from Neoptolemus himself. Some argue that the Molossian showed hesitance to remove the rival because of potential assistance that his rival could receive from one of the “successors” such as Cassander or Demetrius. He had married Beroea, a Molossian princess who, as Pyrrhus, was part of the Aeacides family. Pyrrhus believed that a king should focus most on military matters and delegate other duties to others. Despite the difficult journey, Pyrrhus returned to Tarentum in the spring of 275 (or fall of 276) with a solid force of 20,000-foot soldiers and 3,000 cavalries. And since then greeks started the genocide against albanians that used to live there called cham and the region chameria . So fell one of the greatest generals of his time. Along with troops, Ptolemy supplied Pyrrhus with monetary aid in the form of copper coins minted in an “Epirot” style so that they could easily be introduced in Epirus. This means that the position of Pyrrhus was more than secure from any foreign interference. Tarentum sent messages of assistance to Pyrrhus since 283. His mother, like the rest of the women, was at this moment watching the battle from the house-top, and when she saw that her son was engaged in conflict with Pyrrhus, she was filled with distress in view of the danger to him, and lifting up a tile with both her hands threw it at Pyrrhus. He was king of the Greek tribe of Molossians, of the royal Aeacid house (from c. 297 BC), and later he became king of Epirus and Macedon. This is no wonder when considering the habit of Pyrrhus to involve personally in the fightings. Initially, their mother Thessalonice, who favoured Alexander, tried to manage the situation by dividing the kingdom into two parts: Antipater took possession of the western part up to the river Axios (Vardar) while Alexander took the eastern part. Recaldin, Jonathan (2010). Yet, the Republic had not achieved anything decisive during the truce they enjoyed from Pyrrhus’ absence. Yet, according to Plutarch, Pyrrhus had an authentic vigour and military prowess that naturally matched that of Alexander. Period He Resided in Albania: 317-306 B.C.E. The Epirot kept his forces away from the river in order not to lose the superiority of his phalanx in the river swamps. Because of darkness, there was no organized fighting and no command was effective. Pyrrhus accepted the proposal of the Tarentines. Pyrrhus is, albeit unfairly, mostly known for the term “Pyrrhic victory” coined after him to refer to a victory achieved at a great cost. Pyrrhus of Epirus and the Roman Republic. At about this time, the Carthaginians appear on the scene, clearly reacting to a potential alliance between Pyrrhus and Rome. 18/08/2016 . The explanation that remains is that Pyrrhus acted with an initial tolerance towards his rival because he wanted to first establish his reputation among the subjects. by Roger Nieuwoudt. One of the 13 peripheries (administrative regions) of modern Greece . Meanwhile, the Carthaginians used the time well and erected serious fortifications to improve the defenses of Lilybaeum. He was king of the Greek tribe of Molossians, of the royal Aeacid house, and later he became king (Malalas also called him toparch ) of Epirus. The term Epirus is used both in the Albanian and Greek language, but in Albanian refers only to the historical and not the modern region.. Chaonians lived in today's Albania and there is lots of evidence that contrast their being Greeks. A fleet of 120 under the command of Mago (grandfather of Hannibal) appeared in Ostia near Rome. Cineas must have also helped a great deal in convincing the Tarentines of the king’s good intentions. Lilybaeum remained Carthaginians’ only stronghold in Sicily. Hellenistic kings often engaged in polygamous marriages in order to achieve their political goals, and Pyrrhus was no exception. Leontini also provided him with a force of 4,000 infantry and 500 cavalries. One Mamertine stepped forward, asking Pyrrhus to show himself if he was still alive. Here the Argives rushed against Pyrrhus and his companions who were trying to make way into the mess at the gates. Yet, it was around this time where first embassies from the Hellenic city of Taras or Tarentum came to him and ask for his assistance in the war against the Romans. Rather, the senators knew that they could go back to the Carthaginian offers and with their help fight Pyrrhus on two fronts. There he crushed any pro-Macedonian opposition focused around king Alcetas (ruled 313-306) and restored his adoptive son into the throne. Accordingly, Helenus moved into the gates where they bumped into the forces of Pyrrhus who were actually trying to go outside the gates. The genocide ended in 1944 when most of the albanians went in north epirus or the albanian new territory. On the contrary, Ptolemy and Agathocles of Syracuse (ruled 317-289) besieged and captured Corcyra at the expense of a weak and ill Cassander. Meanwhile Pyrrhus, unopposed took possession of Beroea. Although participant in a defeat, Plutarch praises Pyrrhus for leading a brave charge against the opponents in his front and making a “brilliant display of valour among the combatants”. Not long after, determined to engage the Epirot, the Romans took the initiative. Antigonus retreated with a small continent of his horsemen into Thessalonika (modern Thessaloniki) where he tried to regroup his forces. He was king of the Greek tribe of Molossians, of the royal Aeacid house (from c. 297 BC), and later he became king of Epirus and Macedon. A traditional geographic region lying partly in northwestern Greece (where it includes Arta, Ioannina, Preveza and Thesprotia) and partly in southern Albania (an area known as Northern Epirus). There, he disembarked his the infantry who continued their march on foot towards Syracuse. Ancient sources tell us that just before the Senators were going to ratify the peace with Pyrrhus, Appius Claudius Caecus, was escorted in the Senate room. When the contingent crossed the gates and occupied the marketplace, the Argives descended against them and confusion took place. The fleet was hit by a serious storm when it approached the coast of Italy. The forces of the enemy were far more powerful for Pyrrhus to confront them in an open battle. When they refused, Pyrrhus acted as if Antigonus and other allies were coming to his support. Notably, Pyrrhus constructed a large theatre at Dodona that could seat 17,000 thousand people along with a colonnaded precinct there. He also sent a messenger to his son Helenus who was waiting outside with the main force with instructions to destroy the gates so that his forces can quickly cross them. According to Plutarch, who seems to follow in this case a narrative in favor of Pyrrhus, Neoplolemus was the first to attempt to get rid of his opponent. In the morning, reinforcement arrived in Argos to relieve the city. The elephants even went wild and turned against their own lines. Following his logic, Lysimachus claimed that half of Macedon belonged to him. Pyrrhus had thus blocked the enemy’s path and had no reason to initiate a fight. Then he sank down from his horse..a certain Zopyrus, who was serving under Antigonus, and two or three others, ran up to him, saw who he was, and dragged him into a door-way just as he was beginning to recover from the blow. Some of his battles, though successful, caused him heavy losses, from which the term Pyrrhic victory was coined. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. The king threw off his guards, raced across the field, and brought his fine sword down upon the crown of the man’s head with such force and rage that the warriors was cut in two, and the Mamertines ran away, knowing Pyrrhus was more than a mortal man. The exchange of prisoners opened formal peace negotiations. He would use them and his other general and advisor Milo to command the allied regions in his absence. This clearly reveals his strategy, typical of Hellenistic kings, of using a mixed force of Epirots, Allies, and mercenaries to fight the Romans. At this point, the Carthaginians encouraged the Mamertines to harass Pyrrhus’ allies. With Epirus under his grip and borders secured, Pyrrhus could aspire to achieve important imperialistic goals, worthy of his might. Orthodox Church of Albania + KISHA ORTHODHOKSE AUTOQEFALE E SHQIPERISE + The conquest of Peloponnesus would also allow Pyrrhus to conquer the remaining Antigonid strongholds along with southern Greece. The whole of southern Italy, including the Greek colonies of Croton (modern Crotone) and Locri and the non-Greek populations of the Samnites, Lucanians, and Brutti joined his cause and offered military assistance. Along with improvements in urbanization he sought to encourage civic activities by organizing the festival of Naia, an athletic competition held every four years. The reinforced city forces Pyrrhus and his forces to leave the site. Pyrrhus split his army into two parts. After completing the Campanian circuit, Pyrrhus with his main army retreated in Tarentum to winter. The battle of Asculum was fought in 279 B.C.E., between Pyrrhus of Epirus and the Roman Republic. Most people know Pyrrhus I of Epirus from the epic battles he waged against the Romans. Albanian archaeology considers them Illyrians. Add collection 200. Meanwhile, the ships continued their sail in parallel with infantry advance, protecting them from potential naval threats. Pyrrhus defeated the Campanian enemy despite their bold resistance. On the northern front, Demetrius defeated Lysimachus and hastily moved back into the lower Macedon to repel Pyrrhus. Schurman, Jacob Gould (1916). Apart from a continent from Tarentum, Pyrrhus lacked military support from other allies across southern Italy. 0 rating rating ratings . This also unified the forces of the colony against the common enemy. Add thesaurus 100. This would have made him look more fierce rather than knightly. Accordingly, Laevinus led his force through Lucania, plundering as he advanced. Pyrrhus responded by dealing with the Mamertines himself. The king of Epirus was the first and the only one to respond. The removal of many rivals from the scene offered new opportunities for Pyrrhus in the east. Some of his battles, though successful, cost him heavy losses, from which the term, While Pyrrhus had been campaigning against the Carthaginians, the Romans rebuilt their army by calling up thousands of fresh, . After just four years, Pyrrhus would travel north responding to a royal weeding invitation of Bardylis II “the Younger”. Pyrrhus of Epirus was born in 318 BC. Antiquitatum Romanarum. The two armies bypassed each other because of the different ways that had taken. The dynast of Tauromenium, Tyndarion pledged his allegiance to Pyrrhus and supplied him with a continent of his soldiers. Thus, the rule over Macedon was divided between them. Then, the Epirot continued his sail to Catana/Katane (Catania). Following the defeat at Ausculum, Rome ratified the alliance with Carthage in the summer of 279. These people buried their leaders in large tumuli containing shaft graves, similar to the Mycenaean tombs, indicating an ancestral link between Epirus and the Mycenaean civilization. A peaceful resolution between Pyrrhus and Rome would then allow either of the sides to intervene with full strength in Sicily and threaten Carthaginian possession there. This move proved difficult in a terrain unknown to him. The guarding contingent at the riverbank was caught by surprise yet tried to succumb to the Romans as they crossed. At this point, prince Acrotatus moved unnoticed with 300 elite Spartan fighters at ambushed Ptolemy at his rear. Encyclopædia Britannica ("Epirus") (2013). These wagons had caltrops against elephants’ feet, swinging blades to cut their trucks, and fiery-grappling hooks to hit and burn them. An analysis of Pyrrhus’ political and military traits during the Hellenistic Era. Pyrrhus, being in process of securing peace with Romans, refused the Carthaginian help. On leaving Sicily, Pyrrhus famously remarked: “…what a wrestling ground for Carthaginians and Romans we are leaving behind us!” (Plutarch, XXIII), accurately predicting the Punic Wars. They walled the narrow length of the isthmus and raised multiple towers on its sides. "The Balkan Wars: 1912-1913". The war elephants of Pyrrhus at the battle of Asculum, 279 B.C.E. Epirus, A study in Greek Constitutional Development. He was king of the Greek tribe of Molossians, of the royal Aeacid house (from ca. The elephant garrison of Antigonus was captured without a fight. Demetrius, unopposed, declared himself king of Macedon. It was only after the demise of the treaty that Cineas, present in Rome, understood the nature of Roman politics. Pyrrhus was also the second-cousin of Alexander the Great of Macedon (ruled 336-323). Ptolemy in command of his fleet decided to assault Demetrius’ possession in southern Greece. Prologue Pyrrhus before the Battle of Asculum. His father, Aeacides, was the King of Epirus from 331 to 313 BC while his mother, Phthia, was the daughter of Menon of Pharsalus and second cousin to Alexander the Great. The weak position of this Alexander only added to Pyrrhus’ bargaining power. When a portion of his army approached the Roman right flank, the Romans were already up and could notice their enemy at a distance. Upon hearing of Pyrrhus arrival, the Roman consul Publius Valerius Laevinus mustered a large army and moved it against the Epirot king at speed. Pyrrhus engaged his army, not only in Greece, but also in Italy and Sicily, before he died in the streets of Argos fighting the Spartans and their allies. This line is usually overlooked by scholars but if true it would mean that Pyrrhus had a relationship of alliance with Philip IV before the later’s demise from a wasting disease at Elateia (modern Elatia). Soon after gaining the support of Enna, Pyrrhus captured the town of Azones/Assorus (modern Assora), thus securing complete control over central Sicily. At first, Pyrrhus came with his elephants at his wings, as in Heraclea, but when noticing the wagons targeted at them he changed his deployment. Thus, he established the “martial law” in the city and initiated the recruitment of eligible Tarentine men into his force. Plutarch follows Roman tradition although at least awards Pyrrhus the victory. Cineas proved his point to Pyrrhus that no matter how many conquests he made, those conquests would not bring him happiness. Then, he placed a contingent of about 3,000 missile men to guard his side of the riverbank. Pyrrhus forces tried to smash through the trench and the enemy but the defendants made a fierce stance. Pyrrhus himself rode alongside his companions and aided them personally in defeating the enemy. Upon returning to Epirus, Pyrrhus began preparing a campaign against Macedon. This phrase, which Pyrrhus may have never actually said, gave rise to the term “Pyrrhic victory” to refer to a victory achieved at a great cost. Plutarch provides the most information we have on Pyrrhus and his deeds but the source should be treated with reserves. There, Pyrrhus landed the infantry with instructions to march safely on foot towards Syracuse. Thus, he may have been hesitant to the breaking of a potential alliance with Ptolemy although that did not prevent him from directly pressuring him and the other successors. Nevertheless, the Pyrrhus opening campaign had been successful. Stanford University Press. Albanopedia Pyrrhus proved a tough opponent for Demetrius. By Sh. The Puns had transferred some forty thousand troops farther north, into the straits to expect for a Pyrrhic landing there. There, he was greeted with high regard from the Messapians who were aware of his deeds and his lineage. Retrieved from: https://erenow.net/ww/warfare-in-the-classical-world-an-illustrated-encyclopedia/8.php?fbclid=IwAR2e3S6PD9w0MUYiNP9ADquEh4wXEOc03UattZz1IVdn7xt4SV-9G4TMeew, Epirus before Pyrrhus and after Alexander the Molossian, Epirus during Alexander the Molossian rule, Epirus before the reign of Alexander the Molossian. Near the city, Pyrrhus faced a Spartan army of 15,000 men and routed them. Pyrrhus [1] — Pyrrhus od. #NEISA North Epirus, in south Albania . The remaining Carthaginian garrisons were captured and executed. The ancient Kingdom of Epirus covered much of modern day Albania and part of northern Greece. Jan 23, 2017 - Pyrrhus (319/318–272 BC) was a Greek general and statesman. Yet, they also entered into peace negotiations with Pyrrhus asking him to spare their only remaining stronghold in Sicily and offered him a large sum of money in return. The elephant initiated the fight and stumped right through the legions at the center, crushing their lines and routing them. Lanassa brought Pyrrhus another son, Alexander, giving him a claim in Sicily. After a massive army assaults with ladders and missiles, the town soon fell. Pyrrhus had no other engagements at the time and may have interfered in Macedon even without the request of Alexander V. Dion Cassius in his “Historia Romana” (Book IX, Fragmenta XL, I) mentions that Philips IV “paid court to him (Pyrrhus)”. It opened Lysimachus the way to gain possession of the whole of Macedon and dispose of Pyrrhus’ authority in favor of his own. Thus, Glaucias took the child, adopted it, and raised it in a fashion worthy of a monarch. After his victories over Mamertines and Carthaginians, Pyrrhus began designing a united Sicilian kingdom with him or his son Alexander as a king. The next day, a determined Pyrrhus gathered his forces and resumed the fight. After the inconclusive. Jul 2, 2019 - Pyrrhus of Epirus. The two legions, now trapped by the phalanx and cavalry charges suffered many losses before forced into retreat. Clearly, Appius Claudius was the most influential Roman politician of his time. Stickney, Edith Pierpont (1926). Thus, it would be easier for Ptolemy to restore Pyrrhus in Epirus for the purpose of counteracting the powers of Cassander and Demetrius there. The Epirot was apparently following the same policy. He had also been censor in 312, a duty during which he had constructed both the Via Appia and the first Roman aqueduct, the Aqua Appia. 5534486 In 282, the latter was eventually assaulted by Seleucus I Nicator (“victor”) (ruled 311-281) whose forces defeated and killed him at the battle of Corupedium. This is the Pyrrhic army of Epirus in the third century BC. Antigonus, now secure in his throne did not respond to Pyrrhus’ demands and so the Epirot king decided to return to Epirus. He developed into an brave and capable commander before returning to Epirus as King. He always fought in the front ranks with his men, killing the enemies’ champions personally. The peace agreement dissolved in the next campaign season of 288. The shot missed Pyrrhus but slew his horse and that of Leonnatus, his Macedonian companion. A copy of his “Tactic” fell into the hands of a Carthaginian cavalry commander called Hannibal. A number of Mycenaean remains have been found in Epirus, especially at the most important ancient religious sites in the region, the Necromanteion(Oracle of the D… His first target would be the cracked Macedon. Although Pyrrhus was born in the royal house of the Molossians, he suffered from severe threats since he was six years old. Meanwhile Demetrius, after giving up Athens, sued for peace to Pyrrhus. Pyrrhus himself would suffer from the elephants of the enemy that forced him and his unit into retreat. Some scholars believe that he should have spent more time in besieging the city until its defendants were forced to surrenders. The two sides met at Beroea where they pitched camps against one another. Vote & Rate 5. Ptolemy provided the biggest military aid: 5,000 Macedonian phalangites, 4,000 cavalry men including Thessalian riders, and 50 Indian elephants. To confirm the plot, Pyrrhus infiltrated Alexicrates, his chief cup-bearer to Gelon’s circle. The Carthaginian there made a brave resistance forcing Pyrrhus into a siege position for a considerable time. Alexander the Great who is certainly the greatest adventurous hero of history lived in an ancient time, thus as it is common it is impossible to have the utmost security even for researchers of that era. The terms sanctioned Pyrrhus’ possession over Thessaly and lower Macedon and Antigonus’ authority over Demetrias (modern Aivaliotika), Piraeus, and other Greek conquests. These reinforcements not only covered the casualties suffered in Heraclea but brought the total number of soldiers under Pyrrhus command to 40,000. 2. In 297, Ptolemy decided to interfere in Epirus. The marriage of Pyrrhus with Lanassa was a short one. Meanwhile, at the flanks, the cavalries fought for gaining superiority on the flanks. Ultimately, Antigonus would lose the battle after 500 elephants of Seleucids crushed his side. Yet, Pyrrhus was hesitant to become part of a multilateral peace treaty even though he favored a divided Macedon. Tyndale House. Gaining Thessaly meant that Pyrrhus could secure his Macedonian possession on the southern frontier and even planning a continuous borderline that runs from northern Aetolia west into southern Thessaly east. Moreover, the area was already prosperous, different from the other rough and remote regions of Epirus. The city was an important and prosperous Greek colony in Italian heel, established centuries ago by the Spartans. agreed on a peace treaty. The Roman Senate commissioned Gaius Fabricius Luscinus Monocularis to conclude a peace with Pyrrhus. This caused him to lose much popularity across the island and eventually forced Pyrrhus to back away. First, the Carthaginians approached the Romans. A strange thing about Pyrrhus’ appearance was that he had some kind of mutation that made his upper jaw look like a continuous bone. Pyrrhus forces were about twice as large as those of Pantauchus. Both Demetrius and Pyrrhus fought in support of Antigonus at Ipsus. Pyrrhus of Epirus (also known as Pyrrhus I, Pyrrhus, or Phyrrhus), was born in 319/318 B.C.E. The [Thessalian] cavalry, following after, slew many and not one, indeed, would have been left, had not an elephant been wounded, and not only gone to struggling itself as a result of the wound, but also by its trumpeting thrown the rest into confusion. The 285-282 period is full of rapidly changing and radical events in the diadochi theatre of war. And so they did. Pyrrhus, with his loyal contingents, retreated in Epirus leaving Lysimachus the entire possession of Macedon. The Romans were certainly surprised by the enemy’s appearance but the soldiers were already on guard. Macedonian kingdom offered even greater opportunities for him. Only in recent years have scholars understood the unrealistic reports of the Roman sources and acknowledge Pyrrhus superiority in both commands and in soldiers. With his position seriously threatened, Alexander asked for the assistance of Demetrius and Pyrrhus. However, this seems to have been a calculated move from Pyrrhus. I'll present in a brief manner some of general proofs that indicate Pelasgo-Illyrian-Albanian continuity in Epirus. in Epirus. These appeals were all in vain. According to Plutarch, Pantauchus was “the best of the generals of Demetrius for bravery, dexterity, and vigor of body”. The members of Molossian royal house , the so-called ‘Aeacidae‘ thought of themselves and were viewed … Little do they know about Pyrrhus’ childhood and life before the Roman adventure. About 300 hundred wagons were exclusively deployed by them on the wings. “…Pyrrhus, seeing the stormy sea that surged about him, took off the coronal with which his helmet was distinguished, and gave it to one of his companions; then, relying on his horse, he plunged in among the enemy who were pursuing him. Buy, sell, trade and exchange collectibles easily with Colnect collectors community. However, its throne was now held by Ptolemy, son of that Ptolemy who had helped him regain the throne in Epirus. His involvement almost cost him his life when a certain Frentanian named Oplax, commander of a contingent of cavalry, threw his spear at Pyrrhus. London, UK: Greenhill Books. His oldest son Ptolemy Pyrrhus left in charge of the kingdom. The city also had a long history of quarreling with the Romans who had threatened their sphere of influence by continuously pushing south. He and his son Alexander II ruled as far south as Acarnania and to central Albania in the north. Pyrrhus’s military adventures overstrained his state’s military resources, but they also brought great prosperity to Epirus. Pilgrims visited Dodona frequently and thus were a constant source of income to Epirus. Such feats brought his fellow Greeks to consider him a worthy successor to Achilles and Alexander”. However, the ongoing refusal of the Carthaginian peace offer seems a diplomatic fiasco from Pyrrhus. Central Committee for Defending Albanian Rights. However, all the diplomacy fell apart when Demetrius murdered Alexander V at Larissa in the summer or autumn of 294. Then, he set sail for Epirus with 8,000 infantry and 500 cavalries. Yet, in 294 the outraged Antipater, who wanted the whole kingdom for himself, killed his mother and overrun his brother’s eastern part. Thus, Pyrrhus seized the enemy camp without a clash and was proclaimed king of Macedon (year 297). The later may have even used the son and successor of his ally Ptolemy II Philadelphus (ruled 282-246 B.C.E) to improve his bargaining power. A land force of 50,000 and a fleet of 100 ships kept the whole colony under siege while constantly ravaging their lands. Appius Claudius’ speech turned the Senators against a peace deal with Pyrrhus. Pyrrhus or Pyrrhos (Greek: , Pyrros; 319/318 BC—272 BC) was a Greek general and statesman of the Hellenistic era. Ruches, Pyrrhus J. Pyrrhus believed that a king should focus most on military matters and delegate other duties to others. He decided to use his influence and infiltrated spies into the enemy camp to cause confusion and turn them against Demetrius. Pyrrhus of Epirus: Statesman or Soldier? He served as an officer, in the wars of the Diadochi, under his brother-in-law Demetrius Poliorcetes. Some sources tend to make that as a decision made in haste. Years ago, Agathocles had almost conquered Carthage by taking the war into Northern Africa, the same strategy was later successfully used by Scipio. . Among other instruments, Pyrrhus issued new coins for the city proclaiming his lineage from Achilles, Alexander the Great of Macedon, and Alexander the Molossian. Iustini, M. Iuniani. He was the son of Aeacides, king of Epirus (ruled 331-316, 313) part of the ruling Epirot tribe of the Molossians, and Phthia, a noblewoman from Thessaly, daughter of Menon. ).They claimed that the Illyrians were the most ancient people in the Balkans and greatly extended the age of the Illyrian language.

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