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[31] Satie's constant experiments in musical form were an inspiration to Ravel, who counted them "of inestimable value". "[152] He was astonished, and not wholly pleased, that it became a mass success. Ravel's 'Bolero' is one of the most famously erotic pieces of classical music. Among his works to enter the repertoire are pieces for piano, chamber music, two piano concertos, ballet music, two operas and eight song cycles; he wrote no symphonies or church music. [144] His other major works from the 1920s include the orchestral arrangement of Mussorgsky's piano suite Pictures at an Exhibition (1922), the opera L'enfant et les sortilèges[n 26] to a libretto by Colette (1926), Tzigane (1924) and the Violin Sonata (1927). [167] Ravel completed three songs for baritone and orchestra intended for the film; they were published as Don Quichotte à Dulcinée. [70], Among those taking a close interest in the controversy was Alfred Edwards, owner and editor of Le Matin, for which Lalo wrote. This appealed to Ravel, and after discussing the action in great detail with Fokine, Ravel began composing the music. He is often associated with impressionism along with his elder contemporary Claude Debussy, although both composers rejected the term. [188], Ravel's first completed opera was L'heure espagnole (premiered in 1911), described as a "comédie musicale". Search. [165], In 1937 Ravel began to suffer pain from his condition, and was examined by Clovis Vincent, a well-known Paris neurosurgeon. [91] The piece was only modestly successful at its first production, and it was not until the 1920s that it became popular. [182], Dance forms appealed to Ravel, most famously the bolero and pavane, but also the minuet, forlane, rigaudon, waltz, czardas, habanera and passacaglia. [136] The following year Daphnis et Chloé and L'heure espagnole were successfully revived at the Paris Opéra. Toggle navigation Listen To YouTube. [232] In 1913 there was a gramophone recording of Jeux d'eau played by Mark Hambourg, and by the early 1920s there were discs featuring the Pavane pour une infante défunte and Ondine, and movements from the String Quartet, Le tombeau de Couperin and Ma mère l'Oye. [198] Among the poets on whose lyrics he drew were Marot, Léon-Paul Fargue, Leconte de Lisle and Verlaine. [55] Ravel took a benign view of Les Six, promoting their music, and defending it against journalistic attacks. "[219] This balance caused a breach between the composer and Viñes, who said that if he observed the nuances and speeds Ravel stipulated in Gaspard de la nuit, "Le gibet" would "bore the audience to death". In 19th-century terms, Joseph had married beneath his status – Marie was illegitimate and barely literate – but the marriage was a happy one. [19] The two shared an appreciation of Wagner, Russian music, and the writings of Poe, Baudelaire and Mallarmé. My father, much better educated in this art than most amateurs are, knew how to develop my taste and to stimulate my enthusiasm at an early age. [74] The performable body of works numbers about sixty; slightly more than half are instrumental. [165] The exact nature of his illness is unknown. [110] After several unsuccessful attempts to enlist, Ravel finally joined the Thirteenth Artillery Regiment as a lorry driver in March 1915, when he was forty. His works from the period include the songs "Un grand sommeil noir" and "D'Anne jouant de l'espinette" to words by Paul Verlaine and Clément Marot,[17][n 6] and the piano pieces Menuet antique and Habanera (for four hands), the latter eventually incorporated into the Rapsodie espagnole. [21] This music had a lasting effect on both Ravel and his older contemporary Claude Debussy, as did the exotic sound of the Javanese gamelan, also heard during the Exposition. 57 and 106; and Lesure and Nectoux, pp. [88] Ravel, together with several other former pupils of Fauré, set up a new, modernist organisation, the Société Musicale Indépendente, with Fauré as its president. [39][n 8] Another critic, Pierre Lalo, thought that Ravel showed talent, but was too indebted to Debussy and should instead emulate Beethoven. [17], Ravel was never so assiduous a student of the piano as his colleagues such as Viñes and Cortot were. [107][n 21], When Germany invaded France in 1914 Ravel tried to join the French Air Force. In 1917, using obscene language, he inveighed against Ravel to the teenaged, According to some sources, when Diaghilev encountered him in 1925, Ravel refused to shake his hand, and one of the two men challenged the other to a. 26 January 2017, 07:51 | Updated: 21 April 2019, 10:55 . The quintessential ice dance, the only one to score 6.0 from all judges, the legendary Torvill & Dean. [17] As Ravel's course progressed, Fauré reported "a distinct gain in maturity ... engaging wealth of imagination". "[120] Ravel was offered the Legion of Honour in 1920,[n 22] and although he declined the decoration, he was viewed by the new generation of composers typified by Satie's protégés Les Six as an establishment figure. Orchestral versions of the last by Mikhail Tushmalov, Sir Henry Wood and Leo Funtek predated Ravel's 1922 version, and many more have been made since, but Ravel's remains the best known. Ravel's one-movement orchestral work was originally called Fandango, but as it had rhythmic similarities with the Spanish 3/4 dance form, he changed its name to Boléro. [220] Some pianists continue to attract criticism for over-interpreting Ravel's piano writing. "[13] There is no record that Ravel received any formal general schooling in his early years; his biographer Roger Nichols suggests that the boy may have been chiefly educated by his father. "[192], The second opera, also in one act, is L'enfant et les sortilèges (1926), a "fantaisie lyrique" to a libretto by Colette. His writing for the brass ranges from softly muted to triple-forte outbursts at climactic points. [65] In 1902 and 1903 he won nothing: according to the musicologist Paul Landormy, the judges suspected Ravel of making fun of them by submitting cantatas so academic as to seem like parodies. El único elemento de diversidad es aportado por el crescendo orquestal 1 - - Bolero de Ravel - Classique . Bolero from 1984 Olympics where they won gold. He died on 28 December, at the age of 62. [38][n 7] In 1897 he conducted the first performance of the Shéhérazade overture, which had a mixed reception, with boos mingling with applause from the audience, and unflattering reviews from the critics. His own health also deteriorated; he suffered from insomnia and digestive problems, underwent a bowel operation following amoebic dysentery in September 1916, and had frostbite in his feet the following winter. Satie had turned against him, and commented, "Ravel refuses the Légion d'honneur, but all his music accepts it. His 1923 ballet score Les noces is composed for voices and twenty-one instruments. bolero ravel. The injury was not thought serious at the time, but in a study for the British Medical Journal in 1988 the neurologist R. A. Henson concludes that it may have exacerbated an existing cerebral condition. Nichols calls the quartet "at once homage to and exorcism of Debussy's influence". He liked to experiment with musical form, as in his best-known work, Boléro (1928), in which repetition takes the place of development. A slow and painstaking worker, Ravel composed fewer pieces than many of his contemporaries. [73] He was in general a slow and painstaking worker, and reworking his earlier piano compositions enabled him to increase the number of pieces published and performed. [n 17] The new society's inaugural concert took place on 20 April 1910; the seven items on the programme included premieres of Fauré's song cycle La chanson d'Ève, Debussy's piano suite D'un cahier d'esquisses, Zoltán Kodály's Six pièces pour piano and the original piano duet version of Ravel's Ma mère l'Oye. As a former student he was allowed to attend Fauré's classes as a non-participating "auditeur" until finally abandoning the Conservatoire in 1903. In the 1920s and 1930s Ravel was internationally regarded as France's greatest living composer. Ravel Ravel Home Music Album reviews Pictures Guides More Composers These are the 29 stages of listening to Ravel’s Boléro. [75] The pieces that began as piano compositions and were then given orchestral dress were Pavane pour une infante défunte (orchestrated 1910), Une barque sur l'océan (1906, from the 1905 piano suite Miroirs), the Habanera section of Rapsodie espagnole (1907–08), Ma mère l'Oye (1908–10, orchestrated 1911), Valses nobles et sentimentales (1911, orchestrated 1912), Alborada del gracioso (from Miroirs, orchestrated 1918) and Le tombeau de Couperin (1914–17, orchestrated 1919). His other vocal music from that period shows Debussy's influence, in what Kelly describes as "a static, recitative-like vocal style", prominent piano parts and rhythmic flexibility. I think I have always personally followed a direction opposed to that of [his] symbolism. The Times praised "the enchantment of the work ... the effect of mirage, by which something quite real seems to float on nothing". Whatever sauce you put around the melody is a matter of taste. Vaughan Williams recalled that Ravel helped him escape from "the heavy contrapuntal Teutonic manner ... Complexe mais pas compliqué was his motto. [17], The first of Ravel's two operas, the one-act comedy L'heure espagnole[n 18] was premiered in 1911. Ravel was among the first composers to recognise the potential of recording to bring their music to a wider public. [147] Ravel was unmoved by his new international celebrity. [113], During the war, the Ligue Nationale pour la Defense de la Musique Française was formed by Saint-Saëns, Dubois, d'Indy and others, campaigning for a ban on the performance of contemporary German music. 119–120, Nichols (1987), pp. Henson notes that Ravel preserved most or all his auditory imagery and could still hear music in his head. [69] L'affaire Ravel became a national scandal, leading to the early retirement of Dubois and his replacement by Fauré, appointed by the government to carry out a radical reorganisation of the Conservatoire. She and Ravel had planned the story as a ballet, but at the composer's suggestion Colette turned it into an opera libretto. Follow Classic FM on Youtube. [239] He accepted foreign awards, including honorary membership of the Royal Philharmonic Society in 1921,[240] the Belgian Ordre de Léopold in 1926, and an honorary doctorate from the University of Oxford in 1928. [160] The critic Henry Prunières wrote, "From the opening measures, we are plunged into a world in which Ravel has but rarely introduced us. [106] Ravel predicted that the premiere of the Rite would be seen as an event of historic importance equal to that of Pelléas et Mélisande. Like the Debussy, it differs from the more monumental quartets of the established French school of Franck and his followers, with more succinct melodies, fluently interchanged, in flexible tempos and varieties of instrumental colour. [112] Some of Ravel's duties put him in mortal danger, driving munitions at night under heavy German bombardment. 613–614, Piano Concerto in D major for the Left Hand, List of solo piano compositions by Maurice Ravel, Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians, Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, "A Disease That Allowed Torrents of Creativity", "Wrestling with Ravel : How do you get your fingers – and brain – round one of the most difficult pieces in the piano repertoire? [168][n 30] Though no longer able to write music or perform, Ravel remained physically and socially active until his last months. Ravel wrote to a friend, "I have to tell you that the last week has been insane: preparing a ballet libretto for the next Russian season. Ravel in 1925 Joseph Maurice Ravel was a French composer, pianist and conductor. Despite the substantial royalties paid for performing Ravel's music, the news magazine Le Point reported in 2000 that it was unclear who the beneficiaries were. [181] Chords of the ninth and eleventh and unresolved appoggiaturas, such as those in the Valses nobles et sentimentales, are characteristic of Ravel's harmonic language. [207], In some of his scores from the 1920s, including Daphnis et Chloé, Ravel frequently divides his upper strings, having them play in six to eight parts while the woodwind are required to play with extreme agility. [231], Ravel's interpretations of some of his piano works were captured on piano roll between 1914 and 1928, although some rolls supposedly played by him may have been made under his supervision by Robert Casadesus, a better pianist. It is more uncompromisingly modern in its musical style than L'heure espagnole, and the jazz elements and bitonality of much of the work upset many Parisian opera-goers. Among his earliest memories were folk songs she sang to him. He had worked on it intermittently for some years, planning a concert piece, "a sort of apotheosis of the Viennese waltz, mingled with, in my mind, the impression of a fantastic, fatal whirling". 300–301, Orenstein (1991), pp. He was eliminated in the first round, which even critics unsympathetic to his music, including Lalo, denounced as unjustifiable. How to play piano - The basics Lesson For Beginner to Professional (SUBSCRIBE AND LIKE) He was an atheist and there was no religious ceremony. [12] In later life, Ravel recalled, "Throughout my childhood I was sensitive to music. [229] Sackville-West and Shawe-Taylor consider the post-war sonatas "rather laboured and unsatisfactory",[230] and neither work has matched the popularity of Ravel's pre-war chamber works. Follow Classic FM on Youtube. [83] Such speculation recurred in a 2000 life of Ravel by Benjamin Ivry;[84] subsequent studies have concluded that Ravel's sexuality and personal life remain a mystery. Disputes arose about the chronology of the composers' works and who influenced whom. Memory of Maestro Lorin Maazel (March 6, 1930 -- July 13, 2014)Lorin Maazel was an American conductor, violinist and composer. [48] They met regularly until the beginning of the First World War, and members stimulated one another with intellectual argument and performances of their works. [93] The reviews were excellent: the Mercure de France called the score "absolutely ravishing, a masterwork in miniature". [163], In October 1932 Ravel suffered a blow to the head in a taxi accident. [n 5] It was plain that as a pianist he would never match them, and his overriding ambition was to be a composer. What is important is the melodic line. [223] Clark comments that those piano works which Ravel later orchestrated are overshadowed by the revised versions: "Listen to Le tombeau de Couperin and the complete ballet music for Ma mère L'Oye in the classic recordings conducted by André Cluytens, and the piano versions never sound quite the same again. [57] Ravel wrote that Debussy's "genius was obviously one of great individuality, creating its own laws, constantly in evolution, expressing itself freely, yet always faithful to French tradition. Even when setting lyrics clearly narrated by a man, he often favoured a female voice,[200] and he seems to have preferred his best-known cycle, Shéhérazade, to be sung by a woman, although a tenor voice is a permitted alternative in the score. In 1904 Debussy left his wife and went to live with the singer Emma Bardac. [30] At around this time, Joseph Ravel introduced his son to Erik Satie, who was earning a living as a café pianist. [37] It was originally a solo piano work, commissioned by the Princesse de Polignac. As of 2018[update] the maison-musée de Maurice Ravel remains open for guided tours. It was a matter for affectionate debate among Ravel's friends and colleagues whether he was worse at conducting or playing. [105] Stravinsky later said that Ravel was the only person who immediately understood the music. And don't forget to sign up for the new Daily Download newsletter so you never miss a free MP3! [101] It had an unenthusiastic reception and was quickly withdrawn, although it was revived successfully a year later in Monte Carlo and London. The lighter tone of the G major Piano Concerto follows the models of Mozart and Saint-Saëns, alongside use of jazz-like themes. [224] The Introduction and Allegro for harp, flute, clarinet and string quartet (1905) was composed very quickly by Ravel's standards. Cortometraje sobre la relevancia personal en el trabajo en grupo. Foreign influences include Mozart, Schubert, Liszt and Chopin. [55][n 11] Orenstein comments that Debussy was more spontaneous and casual in his composing while Ravel was more attentive to form and craftsmanship. [130] It was rejected by Diaghilev, who said, "It's a masterpiece, but it's not a ballet. [17] The two middle works are respectively an affectionate tribute to Ravel's teacher,[227] and a virtuoso display piece for the violinist Jelly d'Arányi. [76] He warned Rosenthal that it was impossible to learn from studying Debussy's music: "Only Debussy could have written it and made it sound like only Debussy can sound. [16] Ravel's earliest known compositions date from this period: variations on a chorale by Schumann, variations on a theme by Grieg and a single movement of a piano sonata. For other uses, see. In the 1920s and 1930s Ravel was internationally regarded as France's greatest living composer. [221][n 33], Ravel's regard for his predecessors is heard in several of his piano works; Menuet sur le nom de Haydn (1909), À la manière de Borodine (1912), À la manière de Chabrier (1913) and Le tombeau de Couperin all incorporate elements of the named composers interpreted in a characteristically Ravellian manner. [116], Ravel's mother died in January 1917, and he fell into a "horrible despair", compounding the distress he felt at the suffering endured by the people of his country during the war. It is a source of joy and pride for your old professor. [47], Around 1900 Ravel and a number of innovative young artists, poets, critics and musicians joined together in an informal group; they came to be known as Les Apaches ("The Hooligans"), a name coined by Viñes to represent their status as "artistic outcasts". Addeddate 2009-10-26 17:49:36 Identifier BoleroDeRavel_647. [136], In the post-war era there was a reaction against the large-scale music of composers such as Gustav Mahler and Richard Strauss. 26–30; and Pollack, pp. Born to a music-loving family, Ravel attended France's premier music … After the premiere in January 1932 there was high praise for the soloist, Marguerite Long, and for Ravel's score, though not for his conducting. [212] Kelly remarks on its "dazzling array of instrumental colour",[17] and a contemporary reviewer commented on how, in dealing with another composer's music, Ravel had produced an orchestral sound wholly unlike his own. [180] As a result, there are few leading notes in his output. [n 28] Ravel commented to Arthur Honegger, one of Les Six, "I've written only one masterpiece – Boléro. When he was a boy his mother had occasionally had to bribe him to do his piano exercises, Respectively, "A great black sleep" and "Anne playing the. The family moved to Paris three months later, and there a younger son, Édouard, was born. Vaughan Williams, Rosenthal and Marguerite Long have all recorded that Ravel frequented brothels,[81] Long attributed this to his self-consciousness about his diminutive stature, and consequent lack of confidence with women. [72], By the latter part of the 1900s Ravel had established a pattern of writing works for piano and subsequently arranging them for full orchestra. "[115] The league responded by banning Ravel's music from its concerts. He is often associated with impressionism along with his elder contemporary Claude Debussy, although both composers rejected the term. [216], Most of Ravel's piano music is extremely difficult to play, and presents pianists with a balance of technical and artistic challenges. MP3 MP4. [32], In 1897 Ravel was readmitted to the Conservatoire, studying composition with Fauré, and taking private lessons in counterpoint with André Gedalge. [102] The effort to complete the ballet took its toll on Ravel's health;[n 20] neurasthenia obliged him to rest for several months after the premiere. [4][n 2] His mother, Marie, née Delouart, was Basque but had grown up in Madrid. Those who knew him well believed that this was no pose but wholly genuine. [78][n 15] The best known composer who studied with Ravel was probably Ralph Vaughan Williams, who was his pupil for three months in 1907–08. [43] At twenty years of age he was, in the words of the biographer Burnett James, "self-possessed, a little aloof, intellectually biased, given to mild banter". The manuscript orchestral score is in Ravel's hand, but Lucien Garban and Manuel Rosenthal helped in transcription. Boléro is a one-movement orchestral piece by Maurice Ravel (1875–1937). Before he left for a triumphant tour of North America in January 1928, Maurice Ravel had agreed to write a Spanish-flavoured ballet score for his friend, the Russian dancer and actress Ida Rubinstein (1885-1960). Vincent advised surgical treatment. As the guest of the Vaughan Williamses, he visited London, where he played for the Société des Concerts Français, gaining favourable reviews and enhancing his growing international reputation. Es una danza en un movimiento muy moderado y constantemente uniforme, tanto por la melodía como por la armonía y el ritmo, este último marcado sin cesar por el tambor. Bolero - Maurice Ravel 14:50 Play. He collaborated with Stravinsky on a performing version of Mussorgsky's unfinished opera Khovanshchina, and his own works were the Trois poèmes de Mallarmé for soprano and chamber ensemble, and two short piano pieces, À la manière de Borodine and À la manière de Chabrier. [206] Occasionally, as in the Alborada del gracioso, critics have found the later orchestral version less persuasive than the sharp-edged piano original. For three songs dating from 1914–15, he wrote his own texts. [140] Other influences on him in this period were jazz and atonality. [196], A substantial proportion of Ravel's output was vocal. One described the piece as "a jolting debut: a clumsy plagiarism of the Russian School" and called Ravel a "mediocrely gifted debutant ... who will perhaps become something if not someone in about ten years, if he works hard". Ravel BoleroWiener PhilharmonikerLorin Maazel [64] In 1900 Ravel was eliminated in the first round; in 1901 he won the second prize for the competition. Literally "Games of water", sometimes translated as "Fountains", Ravel admitted in 1926 that he had submitted at least one piece deliberately parodying the required conventional form: the cantata, The musicologist David Lamaze has suggested that Ravel felt a long-lasting romantic attraction to Misia, and posits that her name is incorporated in Ravel's music in the recurring pattern of the notes E, B, A – "Mi, Si, La" in French, This remark was modified by Hollywood writers for the film, Ravel, known for his gourmet tastes, developed an unexpected enthusiasm for English cooking, particularly. Misc. at the premiere, he remarked, "That old lady got the message! [27] His later teacher Gabriel Fauré understood this, but it was not generally acceptable to the conservative faculty of the Conservatoire of the 1890s. "[153] The work was popularised by the conductor Arturo Toscanini,[154] and has been recorded several hundred times. [175] He considered himself in many ways a classicist, often using traditional structures and forms, such as the ternary, to present his new melodic and rhythmic content and innovative harmonies. [210] The most popular of Ravel's orchestral works, Boléro (1928), was conceived several years before its completion; in 1924 he said that he was contemplating "a symphonic poem without a subject, where the whole interest will be in the rhythm". [189] It is among the works set in or illustrating Spain that Ravel wrote throughout his career. Olympia was to be based on Hoffmann's The Sandman; he made sketches for it in 1898–99, but did not progress far. [82] Rosenthal records and discounts contemporary speculation that Ravel, a lifelong bachelor, may have been homosexual. Ravel produced an orchestral version eleven years later. "[119] His output, never large, became smaller. [20] At the Exposition Universelle in Paris in 1889, Ravel was much struck by the new Russian works conducted by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov. The unrealised three were Olympia, La cloche engloutie and Jeanne d'Arc. He dedicated the three songs to people who might help him to enlist. Students who failed in three consecutive years to win a competitive medal were automatically expelled ("faute de récompense") from their course. [226], Ravel's four chamber works composed after the First World War are the Sonata for Violin and Cello (1920–22), the "Berceuse sur le nom de Gabriel Fauré" for violin and piano (1922), the chamber original of Tzigane for violin and piano (1924) and finally the Violin Sonata (1923–27). MP3 MP4. Ravel composed no more after this. "[156], At the beginning of the 1930s Ravel was working on two piano concertos. [n 19] Ravel began work with Diaghilev's choreographer, Michel Fokine, and designer, Léon Bakst. [205] In the orchestral versions, the instrumentation generally clarifies the harmonic language of the score and brings sharpness to classical dance rhythms. Before Boléro, Ravel had composed large scale ballets (such as Daphnis et Chloé, … [17] The earliest is the String Quartet (1902–03), dedicated to Fauré, and showing the influence of Debussy's quartet of ten years earlier. [18], In 1888 Ravel met the young pianist Ricardo Viñes, who became not only a lifelong friend, but also one of the foremost interpreters of his works, and an important link between Ravel and Spanish music. 611–612; and Goddard, p. 292, Orenstein (1981), p. 32; and Sackville-West and Shawe-Taylor, p. 613, Sackville-West and Shawe-Taylor, pp. The Piano Trio was almost complete when the conflict began, and the most substantial of his wartime works is Le tombeau de Couperin, composed between 1914 and 1917. [59][n 13] In 1905 Ravel, by now thirty, competed for the last time, inadvertently causing a furore. [233] Ravel was among the first composers who recognised the potential of recording to bring their music to a wider public,[n 34] and throughout the 1920s there was a steady stream of recordings of his works, some of which featured the composer as pianist or conductor. [151], The last composition Ravel completed in the 1920s, Boléro, became his most famous. [74] There appears to have been no mercenary motive for this; Ravel was known for his indifference to financial matters. Ravel's music includes pieces for piano, chamber music, two piano concerti, ballet music, opera and song cycles. bolero ravel. For more classical musics, subscribe :) Jazz was popular in Parisian cafés, and French composers such as Darius Milhaud incorporated elements of it in their work. Lorin Maazel died on July 13, 2014, at his Castleton Farms estate in Virginia, from complications of pneumonia. [7] Some of Joseph's inventions were successful, including an early internal combustion engine and a notorious circus machine, the "Whirlwind of Death", an automotive loop-the-loop that was a major attraction until a fatal accident at Barnum and Bailey's Circus in 1903. [11], Ravel senior delighted in taking his sons to factories to see the latest mechanical devices, but he also had a keen interest in music and culture in general. "[151], The Piano Concerto in G major was completed a year later. [41] Over the succeeding decades Lalo became Ravel's most implacable critic. Dubois unavailingly forbade Conservatoire students to attend, and the conductor's friend and former teacher Camille Saint-Saëns was prominent among those who detested the piece. American cuisine was apparently another matter. [146] At Le Belvédère Ravel composed and gardened, when not performing in Paris or abroad. It divided musical opinion. The story behind the rights to Boléro is an incredible string of sensational … ", "Maurice Ravel's Illness: A Tragedy of Lost Creativity", International Music Score Library Project, International Academy of Music from Saint-Jean-de-Luz: Académie internationale de Musique Maurice Ravel de Saint-Jean-de-Luz, Maurice Ravel's Friends Society: Les Amis de Maurice Ravel, Introduction and Allegro for harp, flute, clarinet, and string quartet, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maurice_Ravel&oldid=1011782510, Honorary Members of the Royal Philharmonic Society, Pages containing links to subscription-only content, Articles with dead external links from March 2021, Articles with permanently dead external links, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2018, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles with International Music Score Library Project links, Articles with Encyclopædia Britannica links, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CINII identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Léonore identifiers, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 12 March 2021, at 20:10. The musicologist Arbie Orenstein writes that for Ravel the 1890s were a period "of immense growth ... from adolescence to maturity". Unfortunately there's no music in it. [42] The only opinion of his music that he truly valued was his own, perfectionist and severely self-critical. Joseph Maurice Ravel (French: [ʒɔzɛf mɔʁis ʁavɛl];[n 1] 7 March 1875 – 28 December 1937) was a French composer, pianist and conductor. [172], Marcel Marnat's catalogue of Ravel's complete works lists eighty-five works, including many incomplete or abandoned.

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